Design can be thought of as problem solving in a highly constrained and technical environment.
Once a preliminary means or design concept has been established for a design, most problems arise directly from the detailed requirements of that concept and the interactions of systems that implement the concept with the operating environment.
A design concept is more specific than an idea, but less specific than a layout or drawing of a product. Usually, concepts are best described by an annotated sketch.
Note that the sketches are of varying degrees of detail. Sometimes they may be quite meticulous, but they do not need to be.
The question is: How do we come up with these concepts?
There is no simple answer to this question. There are various thinking strategies that can help identify ways to solve or at least avoid the problems. Some of them are described here. The particular techniques described below and names given them are adapted from.
i) Confront the Problem
ii) Change the Source of the Problem
iii) Isolate the Problem
iv) Invert the Problem
v) Reverse the Problem
vi) Divide the Problem
vii) Designing by Analogy
viii) Designing with Product Attributes
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